Background: The Wilms tumor 1 suppressor gene, WT1, is expressed throughout life in podocytes and is essential for their function. Downregulation of WT1 has been reported in podocyte diseases but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Podocyte injury is the hallmark of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most frequent glomerular disease in children and young adults. An increase in the abundance of Cmaf-inducing protein (CMIP) has been found to alter podocyte function, but it is not known whether CMIP affects WT1 expression. Methods: Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of WT1in the presence of CMIP was studied using transient transfection, mouse models and siRNA handling. Results: We showed that overproduction of CMIP in the podocyte was consistently associated with a downregulation of WT1 according to two mechanisms. We found that CMIP prevented the NF-B-mediated transcriptional activation of WT1. We demonstrated that CMIP interacts directly with WT1 through its leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Overexpression of CMIP in the M15 cell line induced a downregulation of WT1, which was prevented by lactacystin, a potent proteasome inhibitor. We showed that CMIP exhibits an E3 ligase activity and targets WT1 to proteasome degradation. Intravenous injection of Cmip-siRNA specifically prevented the repression of Wt1 in LPS-induced proteinuria in mice. Conclusions: These data suggest that CMIP is a repressor of WT1 and might be a critical player in the pathophysiology of some podocyte diseases. Because WT1 is required for podocyte integrity, CMIP could be considered a therapeutic target in podocyte diseases.